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China

Is life getting better for China’s tech billionaires?

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Pony Ma, Tencent co-founder, is China’s richest person with over A$65 billion. Despite past crackdowns, his wealth indicates a potential market recovery, while maintaining state control over the economy.

According to the latest Bloomberg Billionaires Index, Pony Ma, co-founder of Tencent Holdings, is once again China’s richest person, now with a net worth of more than A$65 billion, placing him 27th globally.

Close behind him in the rankings are bottled water tycoon Zhong Shanshan, and Zhang Yiming, the main co-founder of tech giant ByteDance, which owns TikTok.

Only a few years ago, China’s ruling Communist Party launched a crackdown on billionaires and other business leaders. Some were publicly jailed. Others simply disappeared from public view.

Ma’s resurgence might seem like a positive signal of a more permissive market environment. But as we watch China’s private sector grow, we should remember it follows China’s unique playbook.

The ascent of Tencent

Ma’s wealth primarily comes from his stake in Tencent, which he co-founded in 1998 with its headquarters in Shenzhen. As China’s economy grew, Tencent became a world-leading internet and technology company.

Tech billionaire Pony Ma at a government meeting in 2018.
Song Fan/AP

Tencent is well-known for QQ and WeChat, which quickly became two of the most popular instant messaging apps in China and connect more than a billion people.

Tencent is also the largest video game vendor in China, with popular games such as “Honour of Kings” and “League of Legends”.

Last month, Tencent released “Black Myth: Wukong”, China’s first-ever “AAA” video game. AAA is a globally recognised gaming industry buzzword that refers to major, high-budget, standalone productions.

The much-hyped game surpassed 10 million sales across platforms within three days of its release, becoming one of China’s most successful games of all time.

The game itself draws on a 16th century Chinese novel called “Journey to the West” and features various Chinese landscapes. Its popularity aligns with Beijing’s ongoing efforts to boost China’s international cultural appeal.

China’s state-owned media outlet Xinhua highly praised the game for “telling Chinese stories with world-class quality” and offering a new way for global players to understand Chinese culture.

Ma’s fortunes reflect his company’s

This official appraisal means a lot. In previous years, Tencent has had a challenging time coping with Beijing’s strict gaming regulations.

In August 2021, China’s video game regulator announced policies to limit online gamers under the age of 18 to only one hour of play on Fridays, weekends and holidays. This was a major blow to China’s gaming industry, including Tencent.

In December 2023, Beijing introduced more legislation aimed at further capping the amount of money and time that could be spent on video games. The announcement resulted in a 12.4% drop in Tencent’s share price. But the company still promised to strictly implement any new regulatory requirements.

The success of ‘Black Myth: Wukong’ reflects an improving outlook for Tencent.
Andy Wong/AP

Read more:
Chinese game Black Myth: Wukong tops Steam charts. What does it signify for the rest of the gaming world?

A cautionary tale

In China, complying with state regulations is important. Another Chinese tech billionaire, Jack Ma, faced the consequences of publicly challenging them.

In 2020, Jack Ma was poised to launch what was set to be the world’s largest initial public offering (IPO), raising about A$50 billion for his financial technology giant, Ant Group.

However, after he gave a speech in Shanghai harshly criticising Chinese financial regulators for outdated rules and excessive intervention, regulators halted the Ant Group IPO.

Citing concerns that Ant Group’s e-finance products encouraged unrestrained borrowing and investment, China ultimately suspended the IPO in late 2020.

Over the following years, Ant and its affiliate company Alibaba were slapped with billions in fines for alleged breaches of financial regulations.

Getting on the front foot

This phase marked a much stricter regulatory posture from China. The tech tycoons had to adapt to a new reality.

In 2021, Pony Ma publicly stressed the importance of tightly regulating internet businesses, including his own. He also proactively volunteered to meet with antitrust authorities.

Tencent downsized by divesting stakes in various sectors, and the government demanded a restructuring of its financial business.

Many of China’s other billionaires heeded lessons from Jack Ma’s troubles at Ant Group.
Alex Plavevski/EPA

The party remains the ultimate authority

China’s economy is a “socialist market economy”. That is, China’s government thinks of the market as a useful tool to achieve socialist objectives.

That doesn’t mean the private sector doesn’t play a huge role, but the government has long been cautious about the emerging market power of oligarchs as a potential threat to the party’s authorities.

Over past decades of reform and opening up, Beijing has been committed to unleashing market forces, encouraging private sector development and modernising its financial institutions. The precondition is that the state should maintain the ultimate authority to regulate and mobilise market resources.

However, its economy has been stubbornly sluggish post-COVID. The clampdown on the private sector has undermined the confidence of many investors and entrepreneurs, which is crucial for restoring China’s economic vitality.

Last year, Beijing introduced a 31-point action plan in response, aiming to make the private economy “bigger, better and stronger”. Hours after its release, Pony Ma publicly praised the government’s move as “encouraging and inspiring”.

Could spring now be coming for China’s private sector? Perhaps, but only on China’s terms.

Remember, market development is always a means for the state to achieve its own ends. This will never be a story of the market growing while the state steps back.

Read more:
Understanding risks for Australia of China’s slowing economy is Chalmers’ top priority at upcoming Beijing talks

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Business

China Considers Selling TikTok US Operations to Musk as a Viable Option – Bloomberg

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China is considering the sale of TikTok’s U.S. operations to Elon Musk as a potential option, according to a report by Bloomberg.


Potential Sale of TikTok to Elon Musk

Reports suggest that China is considering the sale of TikTok’s U.S. operations to Elon Musk as a viable option. This development follows ongoing scrutiny over the app’s data privacy practices and its links to the Chinese government. Officials believe that a sale could alleviate international concerns and preserve the platform’s presence in the U.S. market.

Strategic Implications

The potential transaction raises numerous strategic implications, not only for TikTok but also for Musk’s other ventures. If Musk were to acquire TikTok, it could enhance his digital footprint and provide new avenues for advertising and user engagement. Conversely, it could pose challenges in managing regulatory compliance and addressing data security issues.

Regulatory Hurdles Ahead

Despite the intriguing prospect of a sale, significant regulatory hurdles remain. Any acquisition would require approval from U.S. authorities, who continue to assess the risks associated with foreign ownership of tech companies. The outcome of these discussions could have widespread ramifications for both TikTok and the broader social media landscape.

Source : China Weighs Sale of TikTok US to Musk as a Possible Option – Bloomberg

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China

Essential Insights into NGO Accounting and Compliance in China

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China will implement an updated accounting system for non-profit organizations starting January 1, 2026, to standardize financial reporting and enhance management practices. The changes address evolving challenges in the NGO sector, ensuring regulatory compliance and effective donor fund management.


China has recently amended its accounting system for non-governmental non-profit organizations, with the new provisions set to take effect on January 1, 2026. As the number of NGOs continues to grow in the country, understanding the existing and updated requirements is crucial for organizations seeking to maintain regulatory compliance and effectively manage donor funds.

On December 20, 2024, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) unveiled the updated Accounting System for Non-governmental Non-profit Organizations (hereinafter, the “NGO Accounting System”), set to take effect on January 1, 2026.

Among others, the revision of the NGO Accounting System is designed to standardize financial reporting, enhance management practices, and provide a regulatory framework to support the high-quality development of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). As the sector expands and diversifies, new challenges have arisen, such as increasingly varied donation methods, rising foreign investments, and the growing number of NGOs being established. In response to these developments, the updated system aims to address emerging accounting issues and reflect the evolving nature of the sector.

In this article, we provide an overview of the current accounting and compliance landscape for NGOs in China, explore the key provisions of the new NGO Accounting System, and highlight the significant changes introduced in the revision.

In China, NGOs encompass a wide range of organizations, including social service agencies, foundations, nonprofit schools, medical institutions, religious organizations (e.g., Taoist temples, mosques, churches), and various other social service providers. Much like their counterparts globally, NGOs play a crucial role in addressing social, environmental, and economic challenges. These entities, typically nonprofit, are dedicated to causes such as education, healthcare, environmental protection, and humanitarian aid.

China’s legal framework for NGOs is multifaceted, governed by several key laws and regulations:

Accounting for NGOs requires meticulous tracking of funds and compliance with specific regulations and reporting standards to ensure transparency and accountability to donors, stakeholders, and the public. Unlike the Accounting System for Business Enterprises (ASBE, commonly referred to as CAS), the Accounting System for NGOs imposes unique requirements for handling various types of donations, including asset and labor donations, as well as the management of entrusted agency business, where the NGO acts as an intermediary to transfer assets to a designated beneficiary. The system also differentiates between restricted and unrestricted net assets, outlines specific classifications for the costs associated with business activities, and includes additional disclosure requirements in the financial notes. As more NGOs establish a presence in China, these standards have gained increased attention in recent years.


This article was first published by China Briefing , which is produced by Dezan Shira & Associates. The firm assists foreign investors throughout Asia from offices across the world, including in in ChinaHong KongVietnamSingapore, and India . Readers may write to info@dezshira.com for more support.

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China

The year ahead in the Middle East: A weakened Iran has big implications for China

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Iran’s influence in the Middle East has significantly diminished post-Hamas’s Oct. 7 attack on Israel, impacting its alliances and prompting China to reconsider its relationship with Iran and strengthen ties with other regional powers.

The wheels of history have been turning rapidly in the Middle East over the last year.

For a significant period of time, Iran’s status as a rising power within the region has been regarded as a consistent reality in assessing Middle Eastern geopolitics. But events since the Oct. 7, 2023 attack by Hamas on Israel have seen Iran’s position in the region erode substantially. The balance of power in the Middle East has consequently been irreversibly altered.

A key pillar supporting Iran’s previously powerful status in the Middle East has been its cultivation of the “Axis of Resistance,” a group of Iranian allies across the region that acted together against Israeli and American interests.

The members of the axis, in addition to Iran itself, include Hamas, Hezbollah, Iraqi Shiite militias, the Houthis and Bashar al-Assad’s regime in Syria.

Read more:
Assad’s fall in Syria will further weaken Hezbollah and curtails Tehran’s ‘Iranization’ of region

Axis decimation

Israel’s relentless war in retaliation for the Oct. 7 attack has seen several of the most important members of the axis severely diminished, if not entirely decimated.

Both Hezbollah and Hamas have been humiliated through the destruction of their respective leaderships, and their operational capacities have been reduced significantly.

The largest blow to Iran’s proxy network was arguably the recent ousting of Syria’s Assad, ending a decades-long regime that was regarded by top Iranian strategists as Iran’s most important regional ally.

Syrians celebrate during a demonstration following the first Friday prayers since Bashar al-Assad’s ouster in Damascus’s central square on Dec. 13, 2024.
(AP Photo/Hussein Malla)

The adverse consequences of these developments for Iran’s grand strategy raises questions of how a significantly weakened Iran will affect the world at large, especially in terms of its impact on great power politics in the Middle East.

This undoubtedly represents a welcome development in the United States given the long-standing animosity towards post-1979 Iran among the American foreign policy establishment. But China is likely to have a more nuanced outlook predicated upon its commitment to pragmatic foreign policy maneuvering in accomplishing its top global objectives.

China’s engagement with Iran

As China has grown richer and more powerful in recent decades, it’s turned its attention to increasing its diplomatic clout and economic presence throughout the world. Every region of the planet has been affected by this development, but the Middle East achieved a spot of particular importance for China.

The Chinese government’s motivation to deeply engage in the Middle East has been — and continues to be — driven by several key considerations: the Middle East’s status as a powerhouse of oil production, its strategic geographic location bridging east and west, and its status as a long-standing pillar of American foreign policy.

China has fostered bilateral partnerships across the entire Middle East, but one of its longest regional relationships has been with Iran. In Iran, Chinese authorities saw a country that provided it with an opportunity to help it achieve China’s main objectives in the region.

Liu Zhenmin, China climate envoy, left, and Saudi Arabia Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz Bin Salman, right, arrive for a plenary session at the COP29 UN Climate Summit in November in Baku, Azerbaijan.
(AP Photo/Rafiq Maqbool)

Post-1979, Iran was inherently anti-American, which meant that China was more likely to be warmly received by Tehran, especially when compared to other regional powers like Saudi Arabia that had relatively warm relations with the U.S.

Perhaps most importantly, Iran could be depended on — to an extent — to stymie American interests in the Middle East given its status as a rising regional power.

This is not to say that Iran became a Chinese client state, but rather that China could provide diplomatic and economic support to Iran as the Iranians used their power to act disruptively in a region of great strategic importance to the U.S.

China’s future moves

Given the motivations underlying deep Chinese-Iranian ties historically, it’s clear that the evaporation of Iran’s clout will likely greatly alter the character of their relationship moving forward.

In a nutshell, a significant portion of Iran’s appeal to Chinese policymakers has disappeared with the near annihilation of its regional network. This will likely encourage China to seek deeper ties with other Middle Eastern heavyweights, like Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, in accomplishing its goals in the Middle East — chief among them, increasing its regional influence at the expense of the U.S.

But it’s also unlikely China will entirely abandon Iran. While it may focus its most concerted efforts on developing deeper ties with other Middle Eastern countries instead of Iran, China would likely be hesitant to see Iran become even further isolated and therefore more predisposed to behaving aggressively.

China was one of the main behind-the-scenes mediators of the 2015 Iran nuclear deal because it wanted regional tensions to dissipate via Iran’s abandonment of its nuclear program.

Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in Tehran, in May 2024.
(AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)

Now that Iran is weakened, it has essentially been boxed into a corner, and has two main options moving forward: either it achieves a rapprochement with the West, or it reinvigorates its nuclear program and acts more aggressively.

While Iran’s ultra-conservative factions that control the levers of power in the country may be tempted to take a more aggressive path, it is very possible China will attempt to use its substantial economic leverage over Iran to encourage them to pursue the rapprochement option.

That’s because the Chinese need the Middle East as a source of petroleum to fuel their economy, and because China doesn’t want to be viewed by the West as an implicit accomplice to a bellicose and destabilizing Iran.

China a moderating influence?

On the contrary, China is currently attempting to repair relations with many western countries given the importance of the West’s markets to China’s ailing economy.

In fact, China may wish to play a role in inducing Iran to strike a deal with the West in the near future, given that it would show the incoming Donald Trump administration — which is notoriously hawkish on China — that it can be trusted and worked with constructively.

At the end of the day, China will seek the path that minimizes the likelihood of full-blown conflict in the Middle East given the importance of the region to the Chinese economy. The country has a strategic opportunity to signal trustworthiness and dependability to the West by working to prevent Iran from choosing a more aggressive path.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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